Liver Enlargement Associated with Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Abstract

Background & Aim. Liver disease is commonly present in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim was to determine the frequency of liver enlargement and its association with opportunistic infections in patients with HIV infection.

Patients and methods. A total of 400 HIV-infected patients were investigated. Commercial kits (Ortho EIA; BioRad, ELISA) were used for detection of serum specific antibodies to HIV, hepatitis C virus, surface antigen of hepatitis B virus, and cytomegalovirus. Liver tissues were stained for various microorganisms. The electronic data base SPSS for Windows (version 10.0) was used for statistical analysis. A p <0.05 was considered significant.

Results. Ultrasonographic screening revealed liver enlargement in 63.75% of HIV patients. In 40.7% the right lobe size varied from 140 mm to 160 mm. Of those with hepatomegaly, 60.7% had AIDS. Hepatitis C and B viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected in 50%, 29% and 18% of patients, respectively. Histological changes were mostly non-specific. Liver pathology depended on the degree of cellular immune deficiency, particularly in patients with HBV co-infection. In a minority of patients (32.5%), the histology revealed granulomatous hepatitis. Liver function tests were abnormal in 46%.

Conclusion. Liver enlargement is common in HIV-infected patients mostly in association with hepatitis C and B viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.